<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tem xmlns="http://www.teachengineering.org/tem/elements/1.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.teachengineering.org/tem/elements/1.0/ http://www.teachengineering.org/schemas/tem.xsd"><identifier>http://www.teachengineering.org/view_lesson.php?url=collection/cub_/lessons/cub_brid/cub_brid_lesson01.xml</identifier><docType>lesson</docType><format>text/xml</format><language/><title>Bridging the Gaps</title><creator>Integrated Teaching and Learning Program, College of Engineering, </creator><keywords><keyword>arch</keyword><keyword>arch bridge</keyword><keyword>beam</keyword><keyword>beam bridge</keyword><keyword>bridge</keyword><keyword>bridge types</keyword><keyword>compression</keyword><keyword>compressive force</keyword><keyword>force</keyword><keyword>suspension</keyword><keyword>suspension bridge</keyword><keyword>tension</keyword><keyword>tensile</keyword><keyword>tensile force</keyword></keywords><vocabulary><word>abutment</word><word>arch bridge</word><word>beam</word><word>beam bridge</word><word>column</word><word>compression</word><word>deck</word><word>engineer</word><word>piers</word><word>span</word><word>suspension bridge</word><word>tension</word></vocabulary><summary>Students are presented with a brief history of bridges as they learn about the three main bridge types: beam, arch and suspension. They are introduced to two natural forces — tension and compression — common to all bridges and structures. Throughout history, and today, bridges are important for connecting people to resources, places and other people. Students become more aware of the variety and value of bridges around us in our everyday lives.</summary><engrConnection>Bridges are fascinating feats of engineering. Throughout history, humans have creatively designed everything from rope and plank bridges to the Golden Gate Bridge. Today, primarily civil and structural engineers are responsible for the design of bridges of which we have more than 500,000 in the U.S. that are longer than 100 feet (30 meters). Since bridges must be safe under all anticipated load and weather conditions, in designing today’s modern bridges, engineers take into consideration tension and compression forces. They also creatively strive to meet people’s needs within budget and material constraints.</engrConnection><learningObjectives><learningObjective>Discuss several different bridge designs.</learningObjective><learningObjective>Describe some of the social, economic and cultural impacts of bridges.</learningObjective><learningObjective>List various considerations of engineers when designing bridges.</learningObjective></learningObjectives><timeRequired unit="minutes">20</timeRequired><publisher>TeachEngineering.org</publisher><contributors><contributor>Jonathan S. Goode</contributor><contributor>Joe Friedrichsen</contributor><contributor>Natalie Mach</contributor><contributor>Christopher Valenti</contributor><contributor>Denali Lander</contributor><contributor>Denise W. Carlson</contributor><contributor>Malinda Schaefer Zarske</contributor></contributors><requirements><requires>http://www.teachengineering.org/collection/cub_/lessons/cub_brid/cub_brid_lesson01_attachment_horatiusstory.doc</requires><requires>http://www.teachengineering.org/collection/cub_/lessons/cub_brid/cub_brid_lesson01_attachment_horatiusstory.pdf</requires></requirements><references><reference>http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=baldwin&amp;book=fifty&amp;story=horatius</reference><reference>http://bridgepros.com/</reference><reference>http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/bridge/index.html</reference><reference>http://www.dictionary.com</reference><reference>http://www.past-inc.org/historic-bridges/image-howetruss.html</reference><reference>http://science.howstuffworks.com/bridge.htm</reference><reference>http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/summer96/p96su28.htm </reference></references><eduStandards><eduStandard><id>S11417AA</id><locale>International_Technology_Education_Association-ITEA_STL_Standards</locale><type>Technology</type><description>F. The selection of designs for structures is based on factors such as building laws and
codes, style, convenience, cost, climate, and function.
</description><lowgrade>6</lowgrade><highgrade>8</highgrade></eduStandard><eduStandard><id>S11424D2</id><locale>Colorado</locale><type>Science</type><description>a. Predict and evaluate the movement of
an object by examining the forces
applied to it
</description><lowgrade>8</lowgrade><highgrade>8</highgrade></eduStandard></eduStandards><geoCoverage>United States</geoCoverage><rights>Copyright 2012 - Integrated Teaching and Learning Program, College of Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder</rights><rights>http://www.teachengineering.org/policy_ipp.php</rights><isPartOf>http://www.teachengineering.org/</isPartOf><created type="W3CDTF">2012-01-20</created><gradeLevel lowerbound="6" upperbound="8">8</gradeLevel><audience>Teacher</audience></tem>

