How Fast Does Water Travel through Soils?

Each group needs:

• permeameter device (can build your own using transparent containers, see Figure 1)
• 3 soil samples with varying permeability (such as gravel, sand, silt, and clay)
• LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 robot, such as EV3 Core Set (5003400) at https://education.lego.com/en-us/products/lego-mindstorms-education-ev3-core-set/5003400#lego-mindstorms-education-ev3
• LEGO Ultrasonic Sensor available at https://shop.lego.com/en-US/EV3-Ultrasonic-Sensor-45504  
• watch
• ruler
• computer
• paper and markers
• 3 two-liter soda bottles
• graduated jar
• small piece of stockings
• rubber band

Note: This activity can also be conducted with the older (and no longer sold) LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT set instead of EV3; see below for those supplies:

• LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT Brick 

To share with the entire class:

• projector for the Soil Permeability Presentation (PPT)