Evolutionary Engineering: Simple Machines—Pyramids to Skyscrapers

The six simple machines are introduced in Lesson 1, examined individually in more depth in Lessons 2-5, and summarized in Lesson 6. Overview of topics by lesson: 1) overview of six types of simple machine and introduction of pyramid building scenario, starting with site selection 2) wedges, 3) wheel and axle, and lever 4) inclined plane/ramp, and screw 5) pulleys 6) use the engineering design process and knowledge of six simple machines to a design/build project.

Engineers are experts at understanding the mechanical advantages gained by the use of simple machines. In so many everyday applications—the design of structures, machines, products and tools—simple machines make our lives and work easier. The same physical principles and mechanical advantages of simple machines used by ancient engineers to build pyramids are exploited by today's engineers to construct modern structures such as houses, bridges and skyscrapers. Simple machines and combinations of simple machines are also important and pervasive in our modern world in the form of common devices used by everyone—wheelbarrows, bicycles, crowbars, shovels, highway ramps, jackhammers, zippers, screws, jar lids, car jack, window blind controls, rock climbing gear, gym equipment, elevators, hand truck/dolly. These complex modern devices perform much work for very little power. The student pyramid building experience parallels the modern-day engineering design and construction process, which employs the engineering design process, teamwork, creativity and problem solving.