Chromatography

Who has heard of chromatography? Chromatography is a way to look at complex mixtures by separating them into their components. Criminal investigators use this technology to identify substances such as chemicals, blood, ink and other fluids. And, environmental engineers use chromatography to prepare solutions to monitor and test groundwater for contaminants. Different inks have different properties, such as how well they dissolve in certain types of solvents. When you dip a portion of the chromatography paper into the solvent, the solvent begins to move up the paper. As the solvent rises up the paper, it dissolves the ink on the paper into its components. The ink components travel up the paper with the solvent, and the distance they travel is based on how readily each component dissolves in the solvent. What are these components? We are about to find out!

Procedure Overview

Students use isopropyl alcohol to separate the components of black and colored permanent ink on coffee filters—the outcome of which is a surprise.

Procedure

1. Divide the class into groups of two students each. Hand out the supplies, excluding the isopropyl alcohol.
2. Explain to students that their goal today is to use isopropyl alcohol to separate the different colors contained within various permanent marker inks.
3. Have groups cut their coffee filters into half inch-wide strips, making sure the ends are square (not rounded).
4. Students then take a black marker and draw a line across one strip of coffee filter half an inch from one end. (Note: The line placement needs to be fairly precise, so help students, as necessary.)
5. Then, have groups tape the strip to a popsicle stick so that the end with the marker line hangs down from the stick and the bottom of the filter strip just barely rests on the bottom of the cup (see the image).
6. When groups are ready, an instructor pours isopropyl alcohol into their cups, ensuring the marker line is above the top of the liquid. (Note: Push the popsicle stick to the edge of the cup to avoid accidentally pouring alcohol on the strip.)
7. Have students watch as the liquid moves up the filter and pulls the colored inks out of the ink line.
8. When students have finished, ask them to write a description of the colors they found in their black ink.
9. Have students experiment with colored markers and also with water rather than alcohol to see if they obtain different results. Have them report their results on their papers.
10. Have students compare results and discuss their experiment outcomes.

CopyrightCopyright 2017 Denise W. Carlson, ITL Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado Boulder